Rutherford also did not describe the arrangement of electrons in the orbit as one of the other drawbacks of his model.So Rutherford model has created a high contradiction with Maxwell’s theory and Rutherford later could not explain the stability of an atom. As per the Rutherford model, calculations have shown that an electron would collapse in the nucleus in less than 10 -8 seconds.Ultimately electrons would collapse inside the nucleus. The radiation would carry energy from the motion which led to the shrinking of orbit. but Rutherford model says that the electrons revolve around the nucleus in fixed paths called orbits. According to Maxwell, an electron revolving around the nucleus should emit electromagnetic radiation due to accelerated charged particles emit electromagnetic radiation.The Rutherford atomic model is failed to explain certain things. Observation of Rutherford’s model Limitations of Rutherford Atomic Model Nucleus being a densely concentrated mass of positively charged particles and electrons being negatively charged are held together by a strong force of attraction called electrostatic forces of attraction.the electron surrounding the nucleus revolves around it in a circular path with very high speed. Rutherford proposed that there is negatively charged electrons around the nucleus of an atom.The positively charged particle was concentrated in an extremely small volume and most of the mass of an atom was also in that volume.Rutherford proposed the atomic structure of elements, on the basis of his experiment. this shows that the volume occupied by the positively charged particles is very small as compared to the total volume of an atom. only a very less amount of α-particles had nearly 180° angle of deflection. Very few of the alpha-particles(1-2%) were deflected back, i.e.The positive charge is concentrated in a very small volume in an atom. Out of all, some of the α-particles were deflected through the gold sheet by very small angles, and hence it shows the positive charge in an atom is non-uniformly distributed.First, he observe that most of the α-particles that are bombarded towards the gold sheet pass away the foil without any deflection, and hence it shows most of the space is empty.19K 40, 18Ar 40, 20Ca 40, here all the elements having same mass number hence they are isobars. Isobars are the elements that have different atomic number but have same mass number. Isotopes of the Carbon atoms are 12C 6, 13C 6, 14C 6. Isotopes of the Hydrogen atoms are Protium ( 1H 1), Deuterium ( 2H 1) and Tritium( 3H 1). Isotopes are the elements that have the same atomic number but different mass. These neutrally charged particles are termed Neutrons. Neutrons: A subatomic particle with no charge and a mass equivalent to protons in the nucleus of all atoms were discovered by J.Protons: In 1886, Ernest Goldstein discovered that anode emitted positively charged particles with a different condition in the same tube, known as Canal rays or as Protons. Then these negatively charged particles are proposed as Electrons. Thomson discovered negatively charged particles towards the anode, these rays are emitted by the cathode in a cathode ray experiment.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |